Quōdam diē amīcus, cum scīret mē nōn fuisse discipulum īnfimum et in prōvinciā jūris canonicī, rogāvit ut huic quaestiōnī rēspondērem: sī puer peccāret abdūcendō hostiam cōnsecrātam, quae essent cōnsequentiae.
In prīmīs memorāre juvat tantum tenērī ā lēgibus merē ecclēsiasticīs baptizātōs in Ecclēsiā Catholicā vel in eandem receptōs, quīque sufficientī ratiōnis ūsū gaudent et, nisi aliud jūre expressē caveātur, septimum aetātis annum explēvērunt (can. 11).
Eucharistia est «augustissimum sacrāmentum» (can. 897), quod in maximō honōre ā Christifidēlibus habendum est (can. 898).
Can. 1382 (jam can. 1367 Franciscī PP. ante Cōnstitūtiōnem Apostolicam “Pascite gregem Deī” quā liber VI Cōdicis Jūris Canonicī refōrmātus est; can. 1442 CCEO) poenā excommūnicātiōnis lātae sententiae Sēdī Apostolicae reservātae eōs, quī speciēs cōnsecrātās, i.e. pānem et vīnum, et singulātim abjiciunt aut in sacrilegum fīnem abdūcunt vel retinent, afficit.
Hāc dē causā, i.e. periculī reverentiaeque, Catholicī, quī veterem sequuntur ōrdinem, arbitrantur sacrāmentum commūniōnis nōn in manūs, sed in ōs dandum esse. Utrumque tamen licitum est1.
Excommūnicātiō (can. 1331) est gravissima poenārum Ecclēsiae, quā Catholicī exclūduntur ab ūnitāte fidēlium propter dēlictum sīc pūnītum ex lēge canonicā. Excommūnicātus prohibētur sacramenta recipere et omnia officia mūneraque cujuslibet generis exercēre.
Excommūnicātiō lātae sententiae est sub anathēmatis poenā ipsō factō incurrere. Catholicī, quamquam excommūnicātī, numquam dēfugere officia fideī Christiānae possunt.
Sī remissiō excommūnicātiōnis lātae sententiae strictē reservātur Sēdī Apostolicae (can. 1354 §3), sōlum paenitēns in articulō mortis versāns ā quōque sacerdōte absolvī potest (can. 976). In concrētō (can. 130) Paenitentieria Apostolica dē forō internō et Congregātiō prō Doctrīnā Fideī dē forō externō prō Sēde Apostolicā jūdicia administrant. Vidēlicet forum internum esse illud cōnscientiae, forum autem externum illud coram jūdice et alterā parte2.
Iī, quī haec sex dēlicta perpetrant, pūniuntur excommūnicātiōne lātae sententiae reservātā Sēdī Apostolicae: quī vim physicam in Rōmānum Pontificem adhibent (can. 1370 §1), quī sacrum ōrdinem muliērī cōnferre et quae sacrum ōrdinem recipere attentāverint (can. 1379 §3), quī speciēs cōnsecrātās abjiciunt aut in sacrilegum finem abdūcunt vel retinent (can. 1382), sacerdōtēs quī absolvunt complicem in peccātō contrā sextum Decalogī praeceptum (can. 1384), cōnfessāriī quī sacramentāle sigillum dīrēctē violant (can. 1386 §1) et episcopī quī sine pontificiō mandātō aliquem cōnsecrant in Episcopum itemque quī cōnsecrātiōnem recipiunt (can. 1387).
Praetereā necesse est, ut pūniātur, esse graviter imputābilem ex dolō vel ex culpā (can. 1321). Propter errōrem aut ignōrātiōnem in objectō nōn pūniuntur3: quī speciēs cōnsecrātās prōfānant nescientēs aut arbitrantēs eās nōn esse, quī speciēs cōnsecrātās prōfānant quae nōn amplius recognoscī possunt.
Secundum commūnem opiniōnem doctōrum prōfānare speciēs cōnsecrātās hōc significat, abjicere vel spargere eās ad terram, in ignem, in latrīnam vel in aliud locum sordidum turpemve contemptiōne, proterviā, malitiā et quāque aliā causā4.
Abjicere lātō sēnsū est etiam conculcāre speciēs cōnsecrātās, eās vomere post sacramentum vel in eās spuere, in eās jacere stercus, sordēs vel lūtum et cētera, sed etiam animālibus eās objicere.
Finis sacrilegus hōc significat, specibus ūtī ad finem obscēnum, superstitiōsum, impium5, i.e. in orgiīs Bacchānālibusque, incantāmentīs et rītibus magicīs, in missīs Satanicīs.
Puerī vel nūllī poenae obnoxiī sunt quia nōndum sextum decimum aetātis annum explēvērunt (can. 1323 n. 1) aut eīs poena lēge vel praeceptō statūta temperārī dēbet vel in ejus locum paenitentia adhibērī, sī aetātem sēdecim annōrum explēvērunt (can. 1324 §1 n. 4).
Hīs dē causīs sī puer dolō vel culpā abdūceret hostiam cōnsecrātam, haud excommūnicārētur, sed nūllā aut, sī sēdecim annōs nātus, levī poenā vel paenitentiā castīgārētur. Ā fortiōrī ratiōne puer quī hostiam abductam ēdit, pūnīrī nōn potest, quia eam neque abjēcit neque retinuit in fīnem sacrilegum. Ubi tamen dēficit jūs canonicum, ibi viget jūs parentium!
Salvīs jūribus.
P.S.
Ex epistulā lēctōris:
«Ubi tamen dēficit jūs canonicum, ibi viget jūs parentium!»
Ē tuīs verbīs crēderēs tē tālēs poenās (corporālēs) tibi voluisse.
Male scrīpsī quod dīcere volēbam. Prō jūre parentium significābam jūs fīliōs increpandī, nōn verberandī.
S. Congr. prō Cultū Dīvīnō, Īnstr. Memoriāle Dominī, 29 Maiī 1969: A.A.S. 61 (1969), pp. 542-547; S. Congr. dē disciplīnā Sacrāmentōrum, Īnstr. Immēnsae caritātis, 29 Jānuāriī 1973: A.A.S., 65 (1973), pp. 264-271; C.E.I., Modalità per la distribuzione della santa Comunione, 15-19 maggio 1989 n. 56
Dē forō internō: C.M. Fabris, “Il foro interno nell’ordinamento giuridico ecclesiale”, Prawo Kanoniczne, 3, 2015, pp. 29-64; C.M. Fabris, “L’evoluzione della nozione di foro interno: dal can. 196 del CIC17 al nuovo can. 130 del CIC83”, L’Ircocervo, 1, 2017, pp. 94-106; G. Ferro Canale, “Foro interno e foro esterno”, Trāditiō canonica, filodiritto.it, 2022
V. De Paolis & D. Cito, Le Sanzioni nella Chiesa. Commento al Codice di Diritto Canonico Libro VI, Urbaniana University Press, Città del Vaticano, 2000, pp. 305-306
A. D’Auria, “L’interpretazione autentica del can. 1367 e la problematica del dolo specifico”, Jūs Ecclēsiae, 2, 2016, pp. 285-300
Pontificium Cōnsilium dē lēgum textibus interpretandīs, Respōnsiō ad prōpositum dubium, 4 Jūniī 1999: A.A.S. 91 (1999), p. 918